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1. 丁烷法固定床工藝：丁烷法固定床工藝主要由亨斯邁公司、BP、SD、 康斯?fàn)枺–onser）公司擁有，與苯氧化法基本相似，但正丁烷氧化轉(zhuǎn)化率和選擇性均比苯低，其順酐的摩爾收率按正丁烷計(jì)僅為 50％~55％，而原料氣體中苯和正丁烷的摩爾濃度基本相同。因此對(duì)于同樣規(guī)模的裝置，正丁烷法需要較大的反應(yīng)器和壓縮機(jī)。反應(yīng)溫度 400～450℃，壓力為 125～130 MPa。為了降低正丁烷的單耗，比利時(shí)的 Pantochim公司采用尾氣循環(huán)工藝，吸收塔頂出來(lái)的尾氣約50％經(jīng)處理后與新鮮空氣一并進(jìn)入反應(yīng)器。該工藝可使正丁烷的單耗下降約 10％ 。

1. Butane fixed bed process: The butane fixed bed process is mainly owned by Huntsman, BP, SD, and Consol, which is similar to the benzene oxidation method, but the conversion rate and selectivity of n-butane oxidation are lower than benzene. The molar yield of maleic anhydride is only 50%~55% based on n-butane, while the molar concentrations of benzene and n-butane in the raw gas are basically the same. Therefore, for production facilities of the same scale, the n-butane method requires larger reactors and compressors. The reaction temperature is 400-450 ℃ and the pressure is 125-130 MPa. In order to reduce the unit consumption of n-butane, Pantochim Company in Belgium adopts a tail gas circulation process. About 50% of the tail gas from the top of the absorption tower is treated and enters the reactor together with fresh air. This process can reduce the unit consumption of n-butane by about 10%.

2.  丁烷法流化床工藝：流化床工藝是 Lummus 公司和 Lonza 公司合作開發(fā)的 ALMA 工藝。 流化床反應(yīng)器中，正丁烷和空氣分別進(jìn)入反應(yīng)器后混合，避免了其混合時(shí)發(fā)生爆炸的可能 因此原料氣中正丁烷的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)可以提高到 4％，反應(yīng)所需空氣約為固定床的一半，減少了空氣壓縮機(jī)的投資和操作費(fèi)用。流化床工藝的能耗低于固定床，但丁烷的單耗要比固定床高約 8％，另外流化床催化劑的磨損也較大。

2. Butane method fluidized bed process: The fluidized bed process is an ALMA process jointly developed by Lummus and Lonza companies. In a fluidized bed reactor, n-butane and air are mixed separately after entering the reactor, avoiding the possibility of explosion during mixing. Therefore, the molar fraction of n-butane in the feed gas can be increased to 4%, and the required air for the reaction is about half of that of a fixed bed, reducing the investment and operating costs of the air compressor. The energy consumption of fluidized bed technology is lower than that of fixed bed, but the unit consumption of butane is about 8% higher than that of fixed bed. In addition, the wear of fluidized bed catalysts is also significant.

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